判斷正誤未提及：區分 "False" 與 "Not Given"
8 分鐘
A True/False/Not Given statement is almost never copied word-for-word from the passage — it is a paraphrase, and your first job is to find the sentence it paraphrases. Once you find it, ask a single question: does that sentence make a claim about the same thing the statement claims, and does it agree or disagree? If the passage makes a claim on the same point and the statement matches it, that is True. If the passage makes a claim on the same point and the statement contradicts it, that is False. If the passage never makes any claim on that specific point at all — even if the general topic is discussed — that is Not Given. Not Given is not "weakly supported" or "probably true"; it means the information simply is not there to check.
判斷正誤未提及題的陳述句幾乎從不逐字照抄文章——它是一種同義改寫，你的第一個任務是找到文章中被改寫的那句話。找到之後，只問一個問題：那句話是否針對陳述句所說的同一件事作出了判斷，判斷是一致還是相反？如果文章針對同一點表態，且與陳述句一致，就是 True（正確）。如果文章針對同一點表態，且與陳述句相反，就是 False（錯誤）。如果文章根本沒有針對這個具體的點表過態——即使文章討論了相關的大話題——那就是 Not Given（未提及）。Not Given 不是「證據不夠」或「可能是對的」，而是意味著根本沒有可供核實的資訊。
例題講解
Passage sentence: "The bridge, completed in 1937, was designed to withstand winds of up to 100 miles per hour, though engineers at the time had no way to test this claim under real conditions." Statement A: "The bridge's wind resistance was never verified before it opened." Statement B: "The bridge was the tallest structure in the region when it was built."
Statement A paraphrases "had no way to test this claim under real conditions" almost exactly — same point, same claim. That is True. Statement B introduces a new attribute (height, tallest structure) that the sentence never addresses at all; the passage tells you about wind resistance and testing, nothing about height. There is no claim to agree or disagree with, so this is Not Given — not False, even though it sounds like the kind of fact this passage might contain.
陳述句 A 幾乎精確地改寫了 "had no way to test this claim under real conditions"——同一個點、同一個判斷，所以是 True。陳述句 B 引入了一個句子完全沒有涉及的新屬性（高度、是否為該地區最高建築）；文章講的是抗風能力與測試問題，完全沒提高度。既然沒有可供比對一致或相反的判斷，這就是 Not Given——而不是 False，即使它聽起來像是這篇文章「可能」會提到的事實。
Two habits keep you fast and accurate. First, locate before you judge: find the exact sentence, and if you cannot find one on that specific point after a careful scan, stop looking — that absence is your answer, Not Given. Second, watch for scope words that quietly turn a True statement False: "all", "only", "always", "never", "the first", "the main reason". A passage can support a moderate claim ("contributed to the decline") while the statement oversells it ("was the main reason for the decline") — that mismatch in scope, not the topic, is what makes it False.
兩個習慣能讓你又快又準。第一，先定位再判斷：找到那句確切的句子；如果仔細掃讀後仍找不到針對這個具體點的句子，就不要再找了——這種「找不到」本身就是答案，即 Not Given。第二，留意那些悄悄把 True 變成 False 的範圍詞："all"（所有）、"only"（僅）、"always"（總是）、"never"（從不）、"the first"（第一個）、"the main reason"（主要原因）。文章可能只支持一個溫和的說法（"contributed to the decline" 促成了衰退），而陳述句把它誇大了（"was the main reason for the decline" 是衰退的主要原因）——正是這種程度上的不匹配，而非話題本身，讓它變成 False。