Change & Trends

to reach the highest or final point after a period of development

达到顶点；以…告终

• Years of negotiation culminated in a landmark climate agreement.
• The course culminates in a research project that students present to their peers.

Collocations: culminate in · culminate with · eventually culminate

to move away from an established course, standard, or expectation

偏离；违背

• The results deviate significantly from what the model predicted.
• Candidates who deviate from the question rarely score well.

Collocations: deviate from · deviate sharply · deviate from the norm

lasting only for a short time; temporary

短暂的；转瞬即逝的

• The medicine's side effects were mild and transient.
• Fashions are transient, but well-made clothing can last for decades.

Collocations: a transient effect · transient population · brief and transient

not moving, growing, or developing; showing no activity

停滞的；不流动的

• Wages have remained stagnant despite years of economic growth.
• Mosquitoes breed rapidly in pools of stagnant water.

Collocations: remain stagnant · stagnant wages · a stagnant economy

to keep something going continuously over a period of time

维持；使持续

• The economy cannot sustain such rapid growth indefinitely.
• Regular feedback helps students sustain their motivation through a long course.

Collocations: sustain growth · sustain momentum · difficult to sustain

the level or point at which something begins to happen or take effect

临界点；门槛

• Once temperatures cross a certain threshold, ice loss accelerates sharply.
• Applicants must earn above an income threshold to qualify for the loan.

Collocations: cross a threshold · a pain threshold · an income threshold

never having happened or existed before

前所未有的

• The city experienced an unprecedented heat wave last summer.
• Streaming services have grown at an unprecedented rate.

Collocations: unprecedented growth · on an unprecedented scale · almost unprecedented

new and original, not resembling anything known before

新颖的；新奇的

• The team developed a novel approach to recycling plastic waste.
• Such a novel idea was met with scepticism at first.

Collocations: a novel approach · a novel method · entirely novel

to give up power, territory, or rights, usually formally or reluctantly

割让；让与

• The company was forced to cede market share to cheaper competitors.
• Under the treaty, the empire ceded several coastal provinces.

Collocations: cede control · cede territory · cede ground

to describe or mark out something precisely, especially its limits or boundaries

描绘；界定

• The opening chapter clearly delineates the scope of the study.
• Treaties were signed to delineate the disputed border between the two states.

Collocations: clearly delineate · delineate boundaries · delineate responsibilities

to include a wide range of things within its scope

包含；涵盖

• The term 'sustainability' encompasses environmental, social, and economic goals.
• The survey encompasses respondents from more than forty countries.

Collocations: encompass a range · broadly encompass · encompass everything from