判断正误未提及：区分 "False" 与 "Not Given"
8 分钟
A True/False/Not Given statement is almost never copied word-for-word from the passage — it is a paraphrase, and your first job is to find the sentence it paraphrases. Once you find it, ask a single question: does that sentence make a claim about the same thing the statement claims, and does it agree or disagree? If the passage makes a claim on the same point and the statement matches it, that is True. If the passage makes a claim on the same point and the statement contradicts it, that is False. If the passage never makes any claim on that specific point at all — even if the general topic is discussed — that is Not Given. Not Given is not "weakly supported" or "probably true"; it means the information simply is not there to check.
判断正误未提及题的陈述句几乎从不逐字照抄文章——它是一种同义改写，你的第一个任务是找到文章中被改写的那句话。找到之后，只问一个问题：那句话是否针对陈述句所说的同一件事作出了判断，判断是一致还是相反？如果文章针对同一点表态，且与陈述句一致，就是 True（正确）。如果文章针对同一点表态，且与陈述句相反，就是 False（错误）。如果文章根本没有针对这个具体的点表过态——即使文章讨论了相关的大话题——那就是 Not Given（未提及）。Not Given 不是"证据不够"或"可能是对的"，而是意味着根本没有可供核实的信息。
例题讲解
Passage sentence: "The bridge, completed in 1937, was designed to withstand winds of up to 100 miles per hour, though engineers at the time had no way to test this claim under real conditions." Statement A: "The bridge's wind resistance was never verified before it opened." Statement B: "The bridge was the tallest structure in the region when it was built."
Statement A paraphrases "had no way to test this claim under real conditions" almost exactly — same point, same claim. That is True. Statement B introduces a new attribute (height, tallest structure) that the sentence never addresses at all; the passage tells you about wind resistance and testing, nothing about height. There is no claim to agree or disagree with, so this is Not Given — not False, even though it sounds like the kind of fact this passage might contain.
陈述句 A 几乎精确地改写了 "had no way to test this claim under real conditions"——同一个点、同一个判断，所以是 True。陈述句 B 引入了一个句子完全没有涉及的新属性（高度、是否为该地区最高建筑）；文章讲的是抗风能力与测试问题，完全没提高度。既然没有可供比对一致或相反的判断，这就是 Not Given——而不是 False，即使它听起来像是这篇文章"可能"会提到的事实。
Two habits keep you fast and accurate. First, locate before you judge: find the exact sentence, and if you cannot find one on that specific point after a careful scan, stop looking — that absence is your answer, Not Given. Second, watch for scope words that quietly turn a True statement False: "all", "only", "always", "never", "the first", "the main reason". A passage can support a moderate claim ("contributed to the decline") while the statement oversells it ("was the main reason for the decline") — that mismatch in scope, not the topic, is what makes it False.
两个习惯能让你又快又准。第一，先定位再判断：找到那句确切的句子；如果仔细扫读后仍找不到针对这个具体点的句子，就不要再找了——这种"找不到"本身就是答案，即 Not Given。第二，留意那些悄悄把 True 变成 False 的范围词："all"（所有）、"only"（仅）、"always"（总是）、"never"（从不）、"the first"（第一个）、"the main reason"（主要原因）。文章可能只支持一个温和的说法（"contributed to the decline" 促成了衰退），而陈述句把它夸大了（"was the main reason for the decline" 是衰退的主要原因）——正是这种程度上的不匹配，而非话题本身，让它变成 False。